![]() As a benefit of the epoxy modification (0.5–10 wt%), the tensile strengths and Young’s moduli of the epoxy-modified pine/PLA composites increased by up to 20% and 82% respectively, as compared to neat PLA. In this study, a simple method of impregnation was developed to modify pine fibers (Loblolly, mesh size of 90–180 µm, 30 wt%) with a solvent-borne epoxy to reinforce PLA. Silane and acid/alkali are typically used to modify the surface of natural fibers to improve fiber/polymer interfacial adhesion. The use of natural fibers as reinforcements for composites (for large-scale 3D printing) has expanded rapidly attributable to their low weight, low cost, high stiffness, and renewable nature. The stiffness and tensile strength of biopolymers (e.g., polylactic acid (PLA)) are less than desirable for load-bearing applications in their neat form. We also examine methods that have not traditionally been used to characterize lignocellulosic feedstocks but have the potential to bridge the gap in our explanation of feedstock variability. We also discuss the correlations and interactions among these properties that reflect the complexity of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock and the associated quality metrics and logistics of supplying consistent quality feedstock to a biorefinery. In this paper, we review several advanced analytical methods that measure density, moisture content, thermal properties, flowability, grindability, rheology properties, and micromorphological characteristics. Such studies will enable us in developing processes and designing equipment to improve operation and conversion performance. Physical and mechanical properties and behavior of lignocellulosic feedstock in various unit operations, studied through advanced analytical methods, can further explain variability. Currently, feedstock variability is understood and explained largely on the basis of chemical composition. Variability in feedstock characteristics and behavior creates numerous challenges to the biorefining industry by affecting continuous operation and biofuels yields. We summarize experiences and failure potentials of biomass feeding for combustors and gasifiers, as well as providing an overview based on reported feeder experiments, useful for later study of biomass utilization.įeedstock variability is a significant barrier to the scale-up and commercialization of lignocellulosic biofuel technologies. Design principles and selection of feeders are also covered. The most common feeding problems are bridging, rathole formation, blockage, seal failure and reactions in the feed line.The present study identifies the biomass properties which influence feeding and reactor performance. ![]() Although biomass feeding has received some attention in the past and several novel feeders have been patented, most feeders are fuel-specific and unable to provide reliable, efficient and economical feeding, especially for herbaceous fuels and reactors operating at elevated pressure. ![]() However, critical problems often arise when attempting to feed biomass into reactors, preventing continuous operation of the entire system. for direct combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Thermochemical biomass processes are relatively well developed, e.g. ![]() You can add additional Reaktor packs if more power is needed. Multiple standard threaded camera inserts make it easy to add to existing game camera and feeder light setups.Įach unit is equipped with separate outputs for 6- and 12-volt, a charge level indicator and auxiliary wall charger. The MSRP is $79.99.Ĭontact more information about the Reaktor.Interest in biomass fuels is increasing worldwide to produce heat, power, liquid fuels and hydrogen with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The Reaktor can supply primary or backup 6- and 12-volt power to your game camera, feeder light, bait light, battery charger, feeder controller, emergency radio and other devices. Whether your camera and Reaktor are in an open field, along a fence row or in the woods with sunlight penetration, it'll charge and power your equipment. It's a universal solar power pack that eliminates the need for expensive batteries or trundling into the woods or fields to change anything. You can keep wildlife equipment charged with the Reaktor from Elusive Wildlife. The Reaktor solar powered battery pack from Elusive Wildlife has multiple threaded outlets for cameras along with 6- and 12-volt options, among other features.īuying and changing batteries in game cameras, feeders and other equipment can be time-consuming and expensive, not to mention intrusive into some hunting areas where you may not want to venture.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |